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Background Senior nursing students’ perceptions of their professional preparedness help them perform their nursing role confidently and independently in the future. Therefore, it is critical to both identify the classification features of perceived professional preparedness and develop targeted interventions. Professional identity (PI) may contribute to cultivating the nursing students’ perceptions of professional preparedness, but the relationship between the two is unclear currently. This study aims to explore the subgroups of senior nursing students’ perceptions of professional preparedness and their differences in PI.Method This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 319 senior nursing students from five universities in China were enrolled. The Perceived Professional Preparedness of Senior Nursing Students’ Questionnaire (PPPNS) and the Professional Identity Scale for Nursing Students (PISNS) were adopted. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to analyze the latent profiles of perceived professional preparedness among senior nursing students. Multiple logistic regression was applied to explore the predictors of different profiles, and a one-way analysis of variance was conducted to compare the PI scores in each latent profile.Result Three latent profiles were identified and labeled “low perceived professional preparedness” (n = 90, 28.2%), “low clinical competency-low EBP(Evidence-Based Practice)” (n = 190, 59.5%) and “high perceived professional preparedness” (n = 39, 12.2%). The “low perceived professional preparedness” group was less likely to include those senior nursing students who worked more than 7 hours per day during the clinical practicum, resided in town and urban areas, had part-time experience, had good relationships with classmates, and felt nobility to nursing due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The average PI score was statistically different across the three profiles (F = 54.69, p < 0.001).Conclusion Promoting PI may effectively cultivate the perceived professional preparedness of senior nursing students. This study highlights the importance of targeted interventions by considering their distinct perceptions of professional preparedness patterns.
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COVID-19ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the progression of depressive and anxiety symptoms of children, especially whose parents were frontline workers in the combat of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), and to provide evidence for children's mental health promotion.
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Objective: To examine the changes of depressive and anxiety symptoms in school-aged children during home confinement and to identify possible influence of learning and lifestyle behaviors on mental health changes.
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Children were vulnerable groups in major public health emergencies. In 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was widespread in the world. The mental health of school-age children has become a worldwide concern. Herein, we conducted this review to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of general children and special children with a high risk of psychological problems, focusing on the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder among school-age children in different countries and regions during the COVID-19 epidemic. Considering the susceptibility between individuals and the accessibility of social resources, we further explored the child, family, and social related factors affecting the mental health of school-age children. Finally, some suggestions on the construction of children's mental health service system in major public health emergencies were put forward at the national, school-family-community, and individual levels. Building a safe and reliable child mental health protection network required the joint efforts of all sectors of society.
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Background: The United Arab Emirates is a major business hub with substantial amount of international travel. Like many other countries, it was greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic since late January 2020, with recurring waves of infection. This study aimed at combining genomic and epidemiological data to unravel the source of SARS-CoV-2 introduction, transmission and evolution in the country. Methods: We performed meta-transcriptomic sequencing of 1,067 nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from qRT-PCR positive COVID-19 patients in Abu Dhabi, UAE, between May 9th and June 29th 2020. We investigated the genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of the viral population and analyzed the infection and transmission potential of novel genomic clusters. Within-host SARS-CoV-2 genetic variation was analyzed to determine the occurrence and prevalence of multiple infections. Finally, we evaluated innate host responses during the prolonged period of local infection. Results: All globally known SARS-CoV-2 clades were identified within the UAE sequenced strains, with a higher occurrence of European and East Asian clades. We defined 5 subclades based on 11 unique genetic variants within the UAE strains, which were associated with no significantly different viral loads. Multiple infection of different SARS-CoV-2 strains was observed for at least 5% of the patients. We also discovered an enrichment of cytosine-to-uracil mutation among the viral population collected from the nasopharynx, that is different from the adenosine-to-inosine change previously observed in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples. This observation is accompanied with an upregulation of APOBEC4, an under-studied putative cytidine-uridine editing enzyme in the infected nasopharynx. Conclusions: The genomic epidemiological and molecular biological knowledge obtained in the study provides new insights for the SARS-CoV-2 evolution and transmission. We highlight the importance of sustained surveillance of the virus mutation using genomic sequencing as a public health strategy. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, meta-transcriptomic sequencing, novel mutations and subclades, co-infection, cyosine depletion, host RNA editing
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , CoinfectionABSTRACT
Background: The United Arab Emirates is a major business hub with substantial amount of international travel. Like many other countries, it was greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic since late January 2020, with recurring waves of infection. This study aimed at combining genomic and epidemiological data to unravel the source of SARS-CoV-2 introduction, transmission and evolution in the country.Methods: We performed meta-transcriptomic sequencing of 1,067 nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from qRT-PCR positive COVID-19 patients in Abu Dhabi, UAE, between May 9th and June 29th 2020. We investigated the genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of the viral population and analyzed the infection and transmission potential of novel genomic clusters. Within-host SARS-CoV-2 genetic variation was analyzed to determine the occurrence and prevalence of multiple infections. Finally, we evaluated innate host responses during the prolonged period of local infection.Findings: All globally known SARS-CoV-2 clades were identified within the UAE sequenced strains, with a higher occurrence of European and East Asian clades. We defined 5 subclades based on 11 unique genetic variants within the UAE strains, which were associated with higher viral loads (p<0.001). Multiple infection of different SARS-CoV-2 strains was observed for at least 5% of the patients. We also observed a host-defense mechanism via RNA editing, likely mediated by APOBEC3 rather than ADAR in nasopharyngeal samples.Interpretation: The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in the UAE was founded by international importation followed by local transmission, leading to prevalent multiple infection and large subclade descendances. While RNA editing mechanisms mutate the viral population, newly arisen genetic variation can contribute to a heavier viral burden. Meta-transcriptomic sequencing can help to determine the transmission patterns of SARS-CoV-2.Funding: Department of Health of Abu Dhabi, UAE and National Natural Science Foundation of China.Declaration of Interests: None to declareEthics Approval Statement: The study was approved by the Abu Dhabi COVID19 Research IRB Committee (approval number DOH/CVDC/2020/1945).
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COVID-19ABSTRACT
Drug discovery campaigns against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are beginning to target the viral RNA genome1, 2. The frameshift stimulation element (FSE) of the SARS-CoV-2 genome is required for balanced expression of essential viral proteins and is highly conserved, making it a potential candidate for antiviral targeting by small molecules and oligonucleotides3-6. To aid global efforts focusing on SARS-CoV-2 frameshifting, we report exploratory results from frameshifting and cellular replication experiments with locked nucleic acid (LNA) antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), which support the FSE as a therapeutic target but highlight difficulties in achieving strong inactivation. To understand current limitations, we applied cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and the Ribosolve7 pipeline to determine a three-dimensional structure of the SARS-CoV-2 FSE, validated through an RNA nanostructure tagging method. This is the smallest macromolecule (88 nt; 28 kDa) resolved by single-particle cryo-EM at subnanometer resolution to date. The tertiary structure model, defined to an estimated accuracy of 5.9 [A], presents a topologically complex fold in which the 5' end threads through a ring formed inside a three-stem pseudoknot. Our results suggest an updated model for SARS-CoV-2 frameshifting as well as binding sites that may be targeted by next generation ASOs and small molecules.
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The outbreak of COVID-19 has exposed many shortcomings in disease control and prevention system (DCPS) of China. Resolving the problems and strengthening the DCPS became the top priority in China’s public policy agenda. This paper revealed the problems of the system regarding policy-making, regulations, operation mechanism and staff, and proposed several strategies from three aspects of legal construction, management system, and operation mechanism, including: 'Prevention first' should be incorporated into the national legal system, all the departments should be engaged in 'Healthy China 2030' initiative, laws and regulations should be amended, new disease prevention and control management institutions should be set up, a high-quality professional team should be retained, the regional health information exchange channels should be strengthened, the coordinated mechanism for disease prevention and control should be normalized, the long-term investment mechanism should be established, and the equipment renewal and reserve system should be improved.